The ratio of the inductive reactance to the effective resistance of the coil is called the quality factor or qfactor of the coil. In principle the working of the two types is based on the same theory and can be outlined as mentioned below. When you use a measuring tool, the measurement info panel shows. What i have in mind is that wire creates the changing flux that induces voltage in the meter. Working closely with industry leaders to further develop solutions in this space. A device used to measure fluid flow, in which a float rises in a tapered vertical tube to a height dependent on the rate of flow through the tube.
Principles of measurement systems fourth edition john p bentley. The conventional mechanical energy meter is based on the phenomenon of magnetic induction. Energy meters are the basic part to measure the power consumption. This meter is able to perform current, voltage and power measurements in three phase supply systems. Does the sensing element of the meter contain moving parts that require periodic maintenance. It enables systematic pricing of energy consumed by individual consumer as it measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically powered device 1.
An example is the socalled baseband tune bbq system, based on a direct diode. A rotameter is a device that measures the flow rate of liquid or gas in a closed tube rotameter. The magnitude of the induced voltage is directly proportional to the velocity of the conductor, the length of the conductor. Sensors and their principles of operation the purpose of a sensor is to detect a physical quantity and. Recently, the design and working principle of a radio frequency rf.
Calibration determination of the cell constant required to convert conductance read ings into conductivity results. The conventional method of electricity billing involves a person from the distribution unit reading the number of units of electricity consumed in the energy meter, conveying this information to the distribution unit and then preparing the bill according to the units consumed for a fixed amount of time. Principles and applications of liquid scintillation counting. The scope of this document includes instruction for the typical installation, operation and maintenance of the flow. So, electronic type of threephase energy meter is explained below with its working principle. When measurements are performed with upstream transformers, the displayed energy value must be multiplied by the transformation ratios.
Prepaymentprepaid energy meter introduction and working. In the cell, two glass spheres filled with nitrogen gas are suspended with strong metal wire. It states that in a steady, ideal flow of an incompressible fluid, the total energy at any point of the fluid is constant. The sage flow meters are available in either inline flow bodies or insertionstyle. Implementation of a singlephase electronic watthour meter using msp430afe2xx rev. Power factor meters electrodynamometer type power factor meter. There are two main types of saunders valve body types. During delivery of gas anesthesia to the patient, o2 flows through the vaporizer and picks up the anesthetic vapors. So, it was all about the working of rotameter flow meter which is regarded as the most useful industrial material. Applicability of image theory involving infinite systems of image. Length meter m feet, yard or mile mass kilogram kg lbm, slug or ton time second s electric current ampere a temperature kelvin k rankine, fahreinheit, or celcius amount of.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of usual energy meters. The working principle of an electronic energy meter is a device that measures the electronic energy consumed usually in kwh. This prolongs the life time of the flow meter and allows for free flow of cleaning agents during cip. Working principle of a q meter, electrical engineering. This section summarizes the basic principles and formalism required to describe. Learning how to use those meters and using them to measure the current, voltage, and resistance of an electric circuit. These blades impart a tangential velocity or swirl to liquids, gases or vapors. The meter is provided with a field to which entries can be made for this purpose ct or vt factor. Also how does the working of clamp meter compare to that a current transformer any knowledge would be helpful. A parallel measurement is used on the q meter see figure 2. Grids, guides, and measurements in pdfs, adobe acrobat. Introduction to beam instrumentation and diagnostics. When the meter is lowered in water and when it faces the current of water in the channel the wheel rotates.
It enables systematic pricing of energy consumed by individual consumer as it measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business, or. Principles of the anesthetic machine patterson scientific. Implementation of a singlephase electronic watthour. When used in electricity retailing, the utilities record the values measured by these meters to generate an invoice for the electricity.
The energy is the total power consumed and utilised by the load at a particular interval of time. The electromechanical induction meter operates by counting the revolutions of an aluminium disc which is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the power. It is also possible to set different measurement scales for each page in a pdf file. The basic concept of an autoclave is to have each item sterilized whether it is a liquid, plastic ware, or glassware come in direct contact with steam at a specific temperature and pressure for a specific amount of time.
Q meterrlc meter group members najeeb ullah naveed khan 2. A q meter is a piece of equipment used in the testing of radio frequency circuits. If the meter reads 1, this means that the resistance is more than the maximum which can be measured on this range and you may need to switch to a new position, 2000 k or so, to take a reading. An induc tor is connected to the q meter coil terminals and resonated at the mea surement frequency, the q and tuning. This is why we can provide a full 5year warranty on our whole turbine flow meter series. Mar 04, 2020 what is the thermal mass flow meter working principle. Jul 25, 2018 energy meters are the basic part to measure the power consumption. To use the measuring tools you need the adobe pdf reader 8 or.
To start off, the reader is introduced to the basics of the electromagnetic flow measuring principle, including its advantages. A second terminal block between the current transformer and the meter simplifies service work. They typically rely on a coherent beam excitation, followed by measurement of the driven. The meter which is used for measuring the energy utilises by the electric load is known as the energy meter. Also explain the factors that cause errors during a q factor measurement. Principle and example of a waveguide coupled cavity pickup atf2, kek.
The principle and first results of betatron tune measurement by. Here we discuss the construction and working principle of induction type energy meter. First results from the lhc bbq tune and chromaticity systems 1. The measurement taken by these meters are independent of viscosity, density, temperature and pressure. In order to accurately measure the electronic energy used for a electronic energy meter, suitable hardware and software have to be designed. For sale by the books and openfile reports section, u. The fluid is then accelerated by a reduction in the meter body bore. The wedge type flow meter is known to possess excellent repeatability, a good uncalibrated accuracy and an excellent calibrated accuracy. The total energy consists of pressure energy, kinetic energy and potential energy or datum. Venturimeter principle, construction and working with. Download the ebook format pdf of the meat color measurement. It is used everywhere, no matter how big or small consumption it is.
Electronic meters need for prepaid energy meter system. Some information is given on oscilloscopes as one of the important voltage measuring devices, although they are generally not classified as voltmeters or ammeters. Electronic energy meter is based on digital micro technology dmt and uses no moving parts. An electric meter or energy meter is an essential device that goes with consumption of commercially distributed energy.
The emf consists of a nonferromagnetic measuring tube with an electrically insulating inner surface, and magnetic coils and electrodes that are arranged diametrically on the tube and are in contact. It is recommended purchasing a multimeter with a continuity feature built in. The conductivity meter then uses the conductance and cell constant to display the conductivity. Why we do not directly calculate power factor in an ac circuit just by dividing the power with product of current and voltage because these readings can. The analog electronic voltmeters and ammeters in the form of dc, rectifierbased ac, and true rms. The number of revolutions is thus proportional to the energy usage. The fft mode offers several types of measurement options.
The frequency of the vortices is directly proportional to the velocity of the fluid. May 15, 2018 before we introduce various types of power factor meters it is very essential to understand what are the needs of power factor meter. It is generally limited to the measurement of ultrapure water, the conductivity of which is very low. The lower third of the meter scale is shaded red, alerting the user to switch to a lower power range for full instrument accuracy. It is a variable area meter which works on the principle of upthurst force exerted by fluid and force of gravity. We are honored to have spent some time on the road getting to know career fuelers, drivers, and ground support agents who have dedicated their career to safe, on time fueling. It has been largely replaced in professional laboratories by other types of impedance measuring device, though it is still in use among radio amateurs. As well as a greater understanding of the specifications of the manufactured pulse output signal for the coriolis mass flow meters cmfms and liquid ultrasonic flow meters lufms meters. Electrical energy meters principles and applications. Multiplepath transittime flowmeters principle of operation. The fluid is then accelerated by a reduction in the. While the particular lhc bbq setup is based on a 30 cm long. Rotameter working principle animation instrumentationtools.
Understanding the structure of the ammeter, voltmeter, and ohmmeter. A rotameter is a device that measures the flow rate of liquid or gas in a closed tube. What is the working principle of orifice meter answers. Results from first attempts of the measurement and correction of. Turbine flow meter working principle turbine flow meter is a volumetric measuring turbine type. The aim of this project is to design a sample meter can accurately display real voltage. So the eem is known as static energy meter in eem the accurate functioning is controlled by a specially designed ic called asic application specified integrated circuit. Measurement of velocity by currentmeter with diagram. See below for pictures of typical glucose devices out of the many that are available. If a pdf file does not have an embedded scale, the measure tool will adapt. An overview of nearfield antenna measurements zenodo. The current meter with conical cups is more popular because of its accuracy and efficient working. Fundamental principles of electromagnetic flow measurement 3rd edition by friedrich hofmann, dipl. It is used in domestic and industrial ac circuit for measuring the power consumption.
Nov, 2014 the meters are also intrinsically and essentially self cleaning in view of the fact that the flow of liquid or gas amid the tube wall and the float offers a scouring action which daunts the upsurge of foreign material. It belongs to a class of meters called variable area meters, which measure flow rate by allowing the crosssectional area the fluid travels through, to vary, causing a measurable effect. Pdf a single phase microcontroller based energy meter. One of the simplest and effective methods to check the level of sound is to use the device that has. The o2anesthetic mix then flows through the breathing circuit and into the patients lungs, usually by spontaneous ventilation respiration. Principle 6 theory of electromagnetic flow measurement 7 2 electromagnetic flowmeters emfs for.
The operational principle of this system was concieved at the cern. The thermal mass meter measures gas flow based on the concept of convective heat transfer. The testing device consists of a small, palmsized, battery powered meter about 5 cm x 9 cm and 1. By using these three phase meters, it is also possible to measure high voltages and currents by using appropriate transducers. The conductivity meter a typical conductivity meter applies an alternating current i at an optimal frequency1 to two active electrodes and measures the potential v. Swirl meter the principle of operation of a swirl flowmeter is as follows. The electronic energy meter is also better protected against tampering than its mechanical predecessor, and units for prepaid operation e.
Morris oxford auckland boston johannesburg melbourne new delhi. An off position is provided on mode switch s1, which shunts out the meter movement. The working of venturimeter is based on the principle of bernoullis equation. Qmeter we know that every inductor coil has a certain amount of resistance and the coil should have lowest possible resistance. Both the current and the potential are used to calculate the conductance iv. The advent of these changes led to improvements to the ease and the ability to verify large bore meters with a udcdp. It consumes a small amount of power, typically around 2 watts. You can change the unit of measurement and color used in the ruler. This electronic meter does not possess any rotating parts, and the. A transmitter that sends out a signal that humans cannot hear a receiver that receives the signal after it has bounced off nearby objects the sensor sends out its signal and determines how long the signal takes to come back. Wedge type flow meter installation and operation manual.
Working on the same principle as the electrical generator, faradays law states that a voltage will be induced in a conductor moving through a magnetic field. It has a rotating aluminium wheel called ferriwheel and many toothed wheels. A modern design of magnetic flow meter construction is one which can be inserted into the line through couplings. Tds 3032a00 september 1995 magnetic flowmeter fundamentals. Principle the figure shows the basic setup of an electromagnetic flowmeter emf for completely filled pipelines. Meanwhile, the problem of the distorted current waveform from loads need to be considered. When connected to loads, they consume less power and start measuring instantaneous. What is the solution for the drawbacks of commonly used energy meters. Operating manual for momas systems nigeria limited.
This paper presents a single phase electrical energy meter based on a microcontroller from microchip technology inc. Aug 10, 2010 an electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence, business or machine. In this article, modern electronic voltmeters and ammeters are discussed. Principle of operation multiplepath transittime flowmeters principle of operation about accusonic description. Single phase energy meter theory pdf download mastercard. Based on the flow of current, the ferriwheel rotates which makes rotation of other wheels. There are many types of flow meters for various applications.
The basic principle of the ph meter is to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions. These being intrusive meters like orifice meters, will cause the pressure drop as flow is increased, resulting in a permanent loss. Turbine flow meter working principle instrumentationtools. Its working principle involves direct digitization of bpm signals at 125 msas, which. Vortex meters are actual volume flow meters, like orifice meters. The electromechanical induction meter operates by counting the. Types of energy meters and their working principles elprocus. Working principle of vortex flow meter instrumentationtools. If the object is very close to the sensor, the signal comes back quickly if the object is far away from the sensor, the signal takes. Pressure drop devices based on bernoulli principle a venturi b orifice plate c pitot tube 2. Symbol of power meter the traditional analog wattmeter is an electrodynamics instrument. Magnetic flow meter construction principle advantages. On commissioning, take the meters usercard to the nearest point of sales to purchase electricity.
The meter body has a set of blades welded at the inlet, called the swirler. It is often incased in glass and has a disk that rotates that measures the amount of power product of current and voltage the flows through the meter. Saunders valves are ideal for restrictive or flow control duties ie valve half closed to reduce flowrate. When oxygen molecules having a large magnetic susceptibility flow there, the molecules are pulled toward the stronger magnetic field zone and the spheres are moved away from the zone. If you cannot read the numbers in the above image, reload the page to generate a new one. This provides protection for the sensitive meter when the instrument is being transported. Gas flows by the heated flow sensor and molecules of the gas transport heat away, the sensor cools, and energy is lost. Manual of petroleum measurement standards complete set. The most common type is more properly known as a kilowatthour meter or a joule meter. Use the measuring tools to measure distances and areas of objects in pdf documents. Electromagnetic movements work on the principle of a magnetic field being generated by.
Tm 3phase flow 1phase 9 connectivity 9 1q11 1q11 1q11 1phase meter mcf51em256 integrated afe low cost meter 9rs08ka8la8 simulation demoem. Fundamental principles of electromagnetic flow measurement. Occasionally, it is necessary to use assisted ventilation, especially when opening the chest thoracic cavity. Experimental stabilization of transverse collective.
Tune and chromaticity diagnostics cern document server. This book is intended to serve as a general source of information when it comes to the use and technology of electromagnetic flowmeters emf. The operations of this useful laboratory instrument is based on the familiar. Autoclaves use pressurized steam as their sterilization agent. Various flow meter types and their working principle. First measurement and correction of nonlinear errors in the. By using these three phase meters, it is also possible to measure high voltages and. Above is a pressure drop table for processautomatics turbine flow meter range. Basic theory of clamp meter to measure rms of current wave. Inductance and capacitance measurements c voltage source r ac amplifier ac voltmeter 22 2 2 1 2 in in c rv rv aa rx r. The voltage between two positions a and b, solid electrical conductors.
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